____________________________and_______________________________________

-border brush enzymes break them down to the ______________________________________________necessary to be absorbed across _______________________________________________________________________

1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

1.

2.

3.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

-Carbohydrates-

Monosaccharide (glucose), disaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (3 or more monosaccharide-starch, glycogen, cellulose)

Cellulose________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Polysaccharides and disaccharides____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Chemical Breakdown-mouth with salivary amelase(5-10%)-no break down in the stomach-small intestine(pancreatic amelase)breaks down to disaccharide level-border brush enzymes break down to monosaccharide level-absorbed by active transport across duodenal mucosa and early part of jujenum-absorb thru into absorptive cells and into CT lamina propria-pass into portal blood-{drain cap of DS into the cap of liver by hepatic portal vein}-isomers go to liver-liver converts isomers of glucose into glucose-releases it by hepatic vein-into inferior vena cava-to all parts of the body-blood glucose increases-

-insulin is released: 1.

2.

-triglycerides released into Digestive System (show up as large blobs of fat)

-Bile __________________________________________-pancreatic lipase___________________________________________________ -bile salts form micells-

(Bile salts-one end is hydrophyllic and one end is hydrophobic)

-lipids will pass thru-emulsified fat(micells)-travel to intestinal mucosa-fat will diffuse across cell membrane(fat is nonpolar, membrane is phosolipids)-dissolved into cell-bile salt is left on outside and reabsorbed by the ileum-carried into blood stream back to liver-liver uses it to create more bile

Fat moves across and is reassembled into tryglycerides in intestinal absorptive cell-packaged as lipoproteins for transport (because you can’t put fat into watery substance, so surround it with polar protein coat)-absorbed into lacteal-returned to blood stream at subclavian vein-

1.

2.

Low density-________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

High density_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

-no breakdown in _________________________________________________

-break down in ___________________________________________________

-acid______________________________________________________

-actual digestion_____________________________________________

Pepsin(10-20%)-break down to poly and dipeptides-small intestine(tripsin, chymatripsin, elastase, carboxypeptidase-break down to dipeptide levels—border brush enzymes break(dipetidases)break down to amino acid level—individual amino acids are actively transported across intestinal mucosa-absorptive cells dump into portal circulation-transport to liver-growth hormone allows movement into cell-

-______________________ of water is taken into DS a day

-_______________________is water that we drink

92% water is absorbed ________________________________

6-7%________________________________________________

-converts chyme _________________________________

1-2%-_______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________