Chapter 4/5
DNA structure/function________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nucleotides______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nitrogenous Base____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Cytosine__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thymine__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Uracil____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Adenine__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Guanine__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Base Pairs___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Law of complementary base pairing_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
RNA structure/function________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Gene Expression______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
mRNA__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
transcribe_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Transcription____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
rRNA__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3 attachment sites
Translation_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Codon__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
tRNA___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mitosis________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PMAT
P______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
M______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
T______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chapter 5
Epithelial tissue___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3 major glands that epithelial tissue forms
Exocrine________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Classes of Exocrine
Merocrine__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Apocrine___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Holocrine__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Myoepithelial Cells___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Endocrine_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hormone_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Protein based______________________________________________________
Lipid based_______________________________________________________
Target cell_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Connective Tissue__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Cells in CT
Blast__________________________________________________________________
Cyte__________________________________________________________________
Clast__________________________________________________________________
Mast__________________________________________________________________
Macrophage____________________________________________________________
Protein Fibers
Ground substance_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
GAG (glycosaminoglycan)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Proteoglycan____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chondoitin______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Lacuna_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Types of CT tissue
Fibrous_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
a. Loose CT_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. Dense CT_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
i. Dense regular_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
ii. Dense irregular____________________________________________________________________________________________________
c. Areolar CT_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
d. Reticular____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
e. Adipose tissue (FAT)______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Cartilage____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
f. Hyaline_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
g. Fibrocartilage_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
h. Elastic______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bone_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
i. Compact____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
j. Spongy_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Blood____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Plasma______________________________________________________________
Formed Elements__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Erythrocytes_________________________________________________________
Excitable Tissue_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nervous Tissue______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Neurons____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Neuroglia___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Soma_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Dendrites___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Axon (nerve fiber) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Muscular Tissue_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
a. Skeletal Muscle_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Muscle fibers___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sphincter___________________________________________________
b. Cardiac muscle______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Myocytes_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Intercalated_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
c. Smooth muscle______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Visceral Muscle________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Membrane potential__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Intercellular Junctions, Glands, Membranes
Intracellular Junctions_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tight Junctions____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Desmosomes__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Gap Junctions____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Gland__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
endocrine_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Exocrine__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Membranes_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mucous Membrane______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Function
Serous Membrane______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Cutaneous Membrane (Skin) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Periosteum, endosteum, perichondrium___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Synovial Membrane______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Inflammatin_____________________________________________________________
Process of Inflammation____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5 symptoms
Mediators of inflammation____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4 types of chemicals
2 types of localized effects
Chemotaxis_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tissue Repair
3 classes of cells
2 types of repair
replacement_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
regeneration_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Process of tissue repair__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Angiogenisis_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Types of blood vessels
Granulation_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Tumors/Cancer
Neoplasm______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2 kinds
1. benign________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. malignant_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Cancer_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Oncology_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hypertrophy____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Atrophy________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hyperplagia_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Apoptosis_______________________________________________________________