Chapter 2/Chemistry Outline

Matter__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Atom___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Atomic Theory_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Fundamental Structure of Atoms

 

 

 

Nucleus of an atom___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

#of protons in nucleus = the_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Protons_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Electrons_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Neutrons________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Atomic Mass___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

AMU___________________________________________________________________

 

Orbital=Energy levels

1st_______________________________________

2nd______________________________________

3rd______________________________________

 

Valence Orbital_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Dictates_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Octet Rule____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Orbital Shapes

 

 

 

 

 

There are __________________________naturally known to man

Others are manmade

 

Element________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Atom___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Building block of an element_______________________________________________

Molecule________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Compound______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Simplest form of matter___________________________________________________

 

PROTONS=ELECTRONS

Bonds

 

 

 

Ionic Bond___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ion_____________________________________________________________________

Cation__________________________________________________________________

Anion__________________________________________________________________

Electrolytes_____________________________________________________________

 

Oxidation Reduction Reaction________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Metabolism_____________________________________________________________

Catabolism- _________________ reaction; ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Anabolism-__________________reaction; ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Organic molecules have a ___________________________ framework

Exceptions are__________________ and ___________________________=inorganic molecules along with all other molecules with out a carbon framework

Polymer________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Moiety__________________________________________________________________

Macromolecules_________________________________________________________

 

 

 

 

 

Carbohydrates (suffix= OSE) (CHO)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

a. _____________________________=simplest form of carbohydrate; building block of ________________________

i.

ii.

iii.

Structural Isomer__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

b. ________________________________________=2__________________________________ chemically bonded together

i.

ii.

iii.

****Glycoside linkage***_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

c. ____________________________________________=3 or more___________________________________________________ bonded together by _______________________________________

i.

ii.

iii.

 

Alpha 1 4__________________________________________________________

Beta 1 4___________________________________________________________

The digestive system can not absorb anything larger than a ____________________________________________________

 

Suffix ASE=______________________

Lipids__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

d. Triglycerides____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Building block of triglycerides_________________________________

e. Steroids_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Hormone____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

f. Phospholipid____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Hydrophyllic________________________________________________________

Hydrophobic________________________________________________________

Amphephyllic________________________________________________________

 

Building block of cell membranes___________________________________________

g. Prostaglandins___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

******key player in ____________________________________*********

Inflammation is the body’s response to___________________________________

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5 signs

 

 

 

 

 

 

Proteins_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Building block of proteins=_____________________________________________

 

______standard Amino Acids (natural)

______can be synthesized by our body

______can not=have to be eaten through our diet = ______________________________________________

 

Peptide bond_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Polypeptide=____-______

Protein=_________or more

 

******3 DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE OF PROTEIN IS CRITICAL TO ITS FUNCTION! WORK IN A LOCK AND KEY FASHION******

 

4 Structures

primary structure______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

***very few can operate in the primary structure***

 

 

 

Secondary Structure_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Tertiary structure____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Bonds

 

 

 

 

 

Quaternary structure__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

What can alter the shape of a protein? Altering a protein will _________________ causing it to be _______________________

 

 

 

Conjucation_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Enzyme_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Cofactors/Coenzymes_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Energy_________________________________________________________________

 

 

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

ADP + Pi <-> ATP

 

Nucleic Acids___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Nucleotides______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Nitrogen Bases

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Two types of Nucleic Acids

DNA

RNA

 

 

 

Complementary Base pairing_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

 

 

 

DNA_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

RNA___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Histone Proteins_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Chromosomes__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

Genes_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________